Infancy

Psychosocial Stages of Development- Infancy and Toddlerhood There are two stages of psychosocial stages of development that occur in Infancy and Toddlerhood. In this discussion I will be discussing them and the elements in each. In Infancy the two stages of psychosocial development are trust vs. mistrust, these two stages are very important for the mental development of a child. This stage lasts from birth to two years old. During this stage an infant learns the stages of trusting their caregiver to take care of their needs.According to Erik Erikson, this stage in an infant’s development is a direct correlation to the levels of trust they will have as adults (Newman & Newman, 2102). For example, as an infant cries for their caregiver to meet basic needs such as feeding, diaper changes, or if the infant simply needs love and attention they are learning to develops a sense of trust in their caregiver and how quickly, or if all, their needs are being met.As a toddler, childre n are taught right from wrong and learn to trust their own perceptions. These are all important characteristics that will shape the child as they grow into adults. Erikson’s psychosocial theory explains the toddler’s self-identity and fear of separateness (Newman & Newman, 2012). As a Toddler, the crisis that exists is that between autonomy and shame or guilt (Newman & Newman, 2012). This is very important because the toddler begins to find their own way separate from their parents coaching.They feel shame or guilt if something they do goes wrong or it does not turn out the way they thought. If they do something that they sense as bad and their caregiver does not encourage them to try again, the toddler may experience anger or resentment toward other people as they age. As a mental health counselor, my knowledge of the stages of infancy and toddlers will help me serve individuals, students and families more effectively. I believe that every adult is a direct re flection of his or her childhood.The mental state of my clients is heavily determined by the way they grew up and the love and attention they received. To better understand this theory will give me a blueprint and research to ask questions regarding the relationship with their parents and their childhood experiences. If there is a family that is having problems communicating with each other, it will be a great tool to use to make a synopsis of the causes of the lack of communication or other negative behaviors.Erik Erikson’s, theory is a well thought out theory that all counselors can use to better understand the reasoning of their clients behavior. It will be a great theory to discuss with my clients to help them make a direct connection to their childhood experiences as well.References: Newman, B. , & Newman, P. (2012). Development through life: A psychosocial approach (11th ed. ) (L. Schreiber-Ganster, Ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. (Original work pub lished 2009)

Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy Essay

Alexander the Great Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fighting has been an unavoidable part of human history since humans evolved. Regardless of the aim, no battle can be successful without a good leader. In history, among the best military leaders was Alexander the Great. He was born in Pella, 20th July 356BC. As a young person, Alexander was a strong and fearless boy and brought up as a warrior (Farmer, 216).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alexander fought for twelve years in the Pearsian Gulf, Egypt and in the Middle East whereby his conquests left a legacy that had a positive and lasting impacts in the way of life of the peoples. Besides his conquests, Alexander inherited his father’skingdom of Macedonia at the age of twenty years, becoming one of the youngest king ever to be in the world. He worn many wars because of his ability to inspire, lead and motivate his armies. His intention was on constructing a united kingdom, which was not easy during his time, but he succeeded in building a united kingdom. It is for this reason that the development of ancient Macedonia is associated with Alexander the Great because he built cities along the trade routes through the wealth he obtained from the Persian treasury, whereby the economic system remained unchanged till the industrial revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a great leader, his legacy is still remembered for his ability to conquer many empires. He started his fighting campaign with 37000 men, of which 5000 were calvary. He used this army to fight his first war against the Persian Empire, which almost cost his life. After winning this war, he was able to control half of western Asia. Afterward, he also attacked Syria, Palestine and Egypt and conquered them and acquired the title of Pharaoh of Egypt. He was such a strong leader in the world history who never turned back against his enemies. His conquests still remain in the world history as the most successful leader in fighting and winning wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, regardless of his motives, ideas or views, Alexander enabled the extension of the Greek ideas and language to the non-Greek world of Asia. His destruction of the Persian created chances for Greek authorities, intellectuals, soldiers, engineers, merchants and his successors participate in the new political unity grounded on the principle of the monarch. His successors utilized force to introduce military monarchies, which dominated the Hellenistic monarchies world after his death. Furthermore, Autocratic authority became a regular characteristic of the Hellenistic monarchies, which was a section of Alexander’s political legacy (Heckel, 89). Nevertheless, it is clear that the Romans were inspired by Alexander’s vision because they were the real inheritors of his legacy. Not only did Alexander left a political legacy, but a cultural legacy that ended up in the Greek Language, architecture, literature and art that sprea ds into other regions of Asia. Moreover, the new cities that were created by Alexander becamethe spring board for the spread of the Greek culture. His legacy built the clash and fusion of distinct cultures that formed the basic features of the Hellenistic world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a king, Alexander proved his leadership qualities through obtaining massive empires and leaving behind a legacy that had a lasting impact in future evolutions. Though his empires disintegrated after his death, he had already built a multi-cultural empire, which would ultimately have a significant effect on the Roman civilization. Besides, from the period of antiquity till to the present, he is demonstrated as a military genius. His achievements in the art of war are still shocking. Peoples such as Napoleon, Caesar, and Hannibal studied about Alexander military approaches and acknowledged that without the knowledge they acquired from Alexander, they would have not been capable of achieving what they did (Shecter, 410). It is clear that his achievement was a base for others to follow his footsteps. His armies usually counted on him to lead them in times of battle and he never failed them. As a matter of fact, he had a unique character whe reby when he usually arrived before his enemies anticipated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Alexander the Great was a great leader and still one of the most bewildering great figures in history. Most of the historical figures do not stand out in similar level as Alexander. He was a warrior at the age of sixteen, a commander in chief at the age of eighteen and a king at the age of twenty. He solely handily altered the ancient world in just over a decade and looking at his childhood in the acquiring of the throne, conquests, marriage and death, it is clear that as the name great suggest, Alexander the Great was and is still one of the greatest historical and political figures of the world. Moreover, as a leader, he showed uncommon resourcefulness both in the combination of using distinct arms and acclimating a tactic to meet the problems of his powerful and strong adversaries. Besides, though he had a short time in authority, he marks an important period in world history. References Farmer, Henry George. â€Å"â€Å" The Horn of Alexander the Great †.† Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland: 500-03. Print. Heckel, Waldemar. â€Å"Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy.† Canadian Journal of History 1 Aug. 1993. Print. Shecter, Vicky Alvear. Alexander the Great Rocks the World. Plain City, OH: Darby Creek Pub., 2006. Print. Source document

“August Houseplant”: A Commentary Essay

‘August Houseplant’ details the encounter of a beautiful and wild philodendron by the protagonist in his backyard. Astounded by the plant’s beauty and wilderness, the protagonist establishes an emotional connection with the plant and contemplates bringing it into his home to protect it from the autumn cold. The narrative perspective and concrete language of the August Houseplant serves to present his themes as experiences associated with society, resulting in highly original and symbolic body of work charged with semantic associations that must be intuitively comprehended by the reader. The first aspect a reader notices about â€Å"August Houseplant† is its irregular structure. August Houseplant is a ‘concrete poem’, in which its poetic structure is used to represent the structural pattern of a philodendron plant. To achieve this irregular structure Levertov generously uses enjambment and caesuras. The purpose of a scattered structure could also be argued to be a rebellion against the neat structure of a regular poem, thus making irregularity an equivalent to the plant’s wilderness. Through the poet’s diction, use of stylistic devices such as personification, enjambment, structure, and the use of vivid sensory imagery, the poet beautifully depicts the wilderness of the philodendron plant and suggests that the intention of forcefully domesticating the wild would only prove to be naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and futile, (even if the intention were good), as it is unnatural to displace the wild of its natural environment. We are first exposed to the plant’s beauty and wilderness in the opening stanza in which the author anxiously questions what may be lurking in his backyard, â€Å"Is there someone, an intruder, in my backyard?† We later realize that the intruder is a wild philodendron plant, and this immediate image brings an aura of â€Å"wilderness†; of something that is â€Å"untamed†, uncultivated, undisciplined and uncontrollable: it summers on the deck, touches the floor, feels the chair and explores new ground, as if it were a wild animal craving for more space to reside in. The wilderness of the plant is a sharp contrast to the impression of the protagonist’s backyard in which the plant enters. The protagonist’s backyard is a private and domesticated sanctuary, complete with a â€Å"deck, a floor, a chair†-all elements pointing to cultivation and civilization, and immediately we sense that the plant has been displaced out of its natural habitat. We are also drawn by the sheer size of the plant; as the first part of the plant that is seen by the protagonist is its leaves, (â€Å"Ah! It’s you, dear leaves†). With this, Levertov has now established the main features of the plant, that it is wild, displaced and large, which leads us to empathize with it when the protagonist contemplates bringing it in for the winter-The fact that the narrator wants to believe that the mouse has actually become his pet, and wants to imagine that it no longer fears him, says more about the narrator than the mouse. He wants the mouse to trust him, and to feel like he is a care-taking figure to it, when perhaps he realizes that it can not perceive him as such. The narrator states: â€Å"And when you’re maneuvered in, how small the room will become; how can I set you where your green questions won’t lean over human shoulders†¦to enquire, mutely patient, about the walls?† In other words, â€Å"Is my plant more comfortable with me now than before?† Here Levertov suggests that the plant might accept captivity, but it is not certain. When the mouse disappears, the narrator is troubled because he feels protective of the mouse, fears for its safety from hawks, owls, snakes and cats. He sees these threats as negative influences, which demonstrates his naivetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and simplicity, for the fear of them teaches the mouse how to survive. The â€Å"hawks† are an essential part of life; even humans cannot live without the existence of threats. Throughout the poem the protagonist has a tone of awe and anxiety. He is fascinated at the sight of the beautiful plant: (â€Å"Ah! It’s you, dear leaves,† / â€Å"As if you knew fall is coming, you seem to desire everything that surrounds you, all of air, all of light, all of shade.†) and his thought of bringing the plant in also suggests to the fact that he is fascinated by its beauty. This fascination for the plant establishes an emotional attachment of the protagonist for the plant; he begins to worry what will become of the plant when it gets cold. â€Å"How am I going to carry you in, when it gets cold?† This tone of anxiety is parallel to the tone a protective parent would feel for his child, which ironically, we reject entirely: Levertov has established that the plant is wild, large and already displaced out of its home when in the protagonist’s backyard, yet if the protagonist brings the plant into his home, it is perhaps more likely to be because of his fascination for it, instead of his wanting to protect it; domesticating something that is born wild would do more harm than good to it. Moreover, we realize that the protagonist is aware that the plant is wild and would not adapt to his small home, he states, â€Å"It’s those long, ever-longer, reaching arms that don’t fit through the door† This protection is both forceful and naive-the plant is wild and won’t â€Å"fit through the door†, thus the protagonist’s intention of domesticating the plant is a naive The plant is personified; The plant is personified, By allowing the philodendron to plant to have such This personification not only establishes a feeling a wilderness of the plant but also establishes the persona’s emotional attachment to the plant. Finding the plant so beautiful, the protagonist deliberates how he can bring the plant indoors, fearing that it will be cold once autumn arrives (-cold: â€Å"How am I going to carry you in, when it gets cold?†). September 19, 2008 Angelica Tong, 12BJ â€Å"August Houseplant† (Levertov) from A Door in the Hive (1989) English A1 HL (CYeo)

Human growth and development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human growth and development - Assignment Example Erikson believes children go through 4 Psychosocial Stages: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, and Industry vs. Inferiority. Each of these stages are â€Å"defined by a conflict involving the childs relationship with the environment. The particular conflicts a child faces and the way in which they respond t these conflicts is what Erikson believes shapes their personality. 2. Piagets theory of cognitive development maintains that children are active participants in their own cognitive development. Piagets theory begins with basic schemas, â€Å"cognitive structures or concepts used to identify and interpret objects, events and other information in the environment† (Wood 54). Assimilation is the term Piaget uses to describe the way in which children try to fit these new things into their existing schemas. Not everything can be assimilated into existing schemas, and in these cases children will learn to use Accommodation. â€Å"In accommodation, existing schemas are modified or new schemas are created to process new information† (Wood 55). Transition from stage to stage is not abrupt, but gradual with the first stage being the Sensorimotor stage. In this stage, infant gain an understanding of the world through their senses and their object permanence is developed in which children realize that objects continue to exist even when they are o ut of sight. The Preoperational stage occurs next when the child is between 2 and 7 years of age. â€Å"Here children become increasingly able to represent objects and events mentally with words and images† (Wood 56). At this stage children will be able to imitate the behavior of a person who who is no longer in sight through deferred imitation. Between the ages 7 and 12, the Concrete Operations stage causes thinking to be â€Å"less egocentric and they come to realize that people have

Teacher Misbehavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Teacher Misbehavior - Essay Example As Lewis and Riley (2009), â€Å"The way some teachers respond to the stress integral to their chosen profession is by interacting with students in a way that can be conceptualised as misbehaving† (p. 417). Teachers’ behavior towards students and their way of interaction becomes negative due to stress or any other reason, which is termed in today’s world as ‘teacher misbehavior’. Teacher misbehavior is not just linked to decreased interaction between students and teachers due to teachers’ inappropriate behaviors. Rather, it is also linked with an overall downward shift in the classroom management behaviors and instructional skills of teachers. A stressed or indolent teacher is not able to focus his/her attention on his/her professional roles and responsibilities in the way an effective teacher can. It is due to the fact that stress, incompetence, and thinking about personal issues at the workplace make a person unable to deliver his/her best no matter to what professional field he/she belongs to. A teacher may show abrupt behaviors due to many reasons. In today’s professional settings, salary and working environment are two such factors that can cause a person to show misbehavior at the workplace. Teachers, who feel stressed either due to salary issues or school climate, become unable to teach their students using appropriate instructional techniques because their mind does not let them focus their attention towards their professional duties (Sava, 2002). As the result of this, teachers start taking their professional responsibilities as granted and become unable to do justice with their roles and responsibilities. This inability to do justice with professional roles and responsibilities leads to inappropriate behaviors both with students in classrooms and with colleagues at the staffroom, which is known as teacher misbehavior in the educational settings. As Sava (2002) states, â€Å"teachers who

International developments in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International developments in accounting - Essay Example The historical development of accounting in India can be mainly traced along three period viz. before the colonial era, during the colonial era and in the postcolonial period. Pre-colonial period in India dates back to the time of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa civilizations where the functions of commerce and trade started flourishing on a gradual scale. In these periods the accounting practice depended on a system of bookkeeping originally prevalent in Greece. Further documentary evidence of historical accounting systems can be found in the Smritis, which contained rules, and regulations of partnership dealings. With the emergence of the Chandragupta Empire the practice of accounting system earned huge focus with the works of Kautilya or Chanakya. Kautilya developed the treatise of ‘Arthashastra’, which depicted the different rules, regulations, and ethical conducts of accounting practices. However with the emergence of the British colonialists, India started becoming the ho me ground for rapid industrialization wherein the accounting systems became more scientifically treated to meet the complex industrial and trade demands (Hopwood & Chapman, 2008, pp.1399-1400). Colonial and post-colonial India became filled by many small groups of industries, which generally maintained records based on conservative and traditional practices. These industries generally did not feel the urge to maintain large sets of accounting records for business purposes and thus relied on traditional practices like ‘Single Entry Book Keeping’ (Mukherjee & Hanif, 2003, p.22.1). Traditional Accounting Systems in India The accounting systems in use in India during the traditional period were systematic and laid main focus on the receipt and payment system. Furthermore the practice of accounting was not conducted in an isolated manner but served a continuity of different periods. The period for which the accounts were developed varied along daily, weekly, bi-weekly, month ly or for annual periods. However in such systems the monetary transactions were not carried forward from one period to another. Separate heads were created for different nature of accounts maintained and strict governance was maintained depending on timing deadlines. Further for each of the separate transactions conducted a written record was mandatorily maintained which was produced on request. The person responsible for the keeping and maintenance of such accounting records also conducted separate audits to verify their authenticity (Sarkar, 2003, p.248). The practice of accountancy in Indian context can also be studied along the system of bookkeepings, which were prevalent in the accounting practices. The system of bookkeeping refers to the style of maintaining and recording of financial transactions under the separate books of accounts. Book keeping systems maintained in the Indian context contained of four different types of practices viz. Cash, Single Entry, Indian and Double Entry. The ‘Cash System’ of maintaining records of financial transactions is carried out in those concerns where sales and purchases are conducted only on the basis of cash. Here in case of credit transactions they are accounted at later periods when met in cash. Moreover the ‘Cash System’ of financial book keeping also depended on the maintaining of revenue and expenditure accounts to check the position of

ECONOMICS 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECONOMICS 2 - Essay Example An example of an oligopoly is the airline industry. The airline industry is regulated by several agencies. There regulations that protect consumers against noise pollution. The prices of the fuel that the airlines utilized are regulated. The type of goods that a person can carry into an airplane is regulated. Aircrafts must comply with safety regulations. Oligopolies are market structure in which there are limited numbers of participants, while monopolies have only one player. The reason regulations are so important in these two market structures is because the general public must be protected from collusion and unfair practices from these firms. In monopolies regulations become more critical due to the power that the monopolist holds. Without regulation a monopolist could abuse his power and charge super high prices since competition is non-exist. Industrial regulations protect the customers, but its implementation raises costs. Companies at times have to invest money in new equipme nt to comply with regulations. Regulations that increase labor costs affect the profitability of companies. These costs are passed on the customer in the final price of the service or product. Regulations affect the cost structure of firm in an adverse way.

Assisted Suicide, The Right to Die Research Paper

Assisted Suicide, The Right to Die - Research Paper Example l, social and cultural levels for decades and, even at the global level, this activity still does not seem to be able to reach any societal consensus about whether it is appropriate. However, assisted suicide allows individuals with varying health problems or handicaps to have a means to escape their complications and avoid the anguish of dying without a sense of personal decorum. Washington and Oregon are the only two states in the US where assisted suicide is a practice allowable by law (Ball and Mengewein, 2010). Since both states are located on the West coast, this might be representative of a cultural perspective that is quite different from the rest of the continental United States. Both of these states now support the perspective of different right-to-die organizations and protect the medical community from being the victims of lawsuits. The efforts of these states further supported what ended up being a victorious lawsuit in Montana, filed by truck driver Robert Baxter, a patient with lymphocytic leukemia, who actively challenged Montana’s homicide statute. Even though this particular case was victorious, Baxter died of his illness on December 5, 2008 which happened to be the exact same day that his case won in the First Judicial District Court in Helena (Blesch, 2009). However, this set the precedent for future lawsuits of this nature in suppo rt of the right-to-die agenda. Even at the global level, there is much progression in areas of assisted suicide, with Belgium taking the lead in support for euthanasia. In 2007, almost two percent of all deaths reported involved assisted suicide at the request of the patient, with the rate of the Belgium medical community withholding life-extending treatment increasing from 14.6 percent to 17.4 percent in just six years (Bilsen, Cohen, Chambaere and Pousset, 2009). At the global level, these measurable increases in assisted suicide show that there is an active, global market looking for alternatives to prolonged

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Journal - Essay Example The French government colonized Haiti at a time when slavery was as an aspect that would amount to great economic growth. From Dubois’ assertions, french government actually led to the increase in poverty level in Haiti through forcing Haiti government to take a loan from them that they would use to compensate slaves. The U.S is also to blame for Haiti’s poor economic growth; the U.S made Haiti be over depended on foreign support. Dubois, however, provides some different assertions offered for Haiti’s troubles. For instance, he mentions a religious leader that insisted that Haiti faces many natural calamities since they had sold themselves to the devil; practiced voodoo culture. Another claim points out that Haiti’s poverty results from the leadership it has had after it gained independence. Most of these leaders who happened to be freed slaves had greed and focused much on accumulating wealth for themselves, thereby creating corruption and dictatorship. Certainly, from my assumption, I think Haitians, the French Government and U.S government have to take responsibility for Haiti’s misfortunes. However, the blame should be more on the Haitians. Certainly, natural calamities such as earthquakes are rather unavoidable. However, shameful factors such as neocolonialism, corruption, poverty, crime, and poor economic growth can be because of certain actions from people. The Haitians should take blame for their high level of poverty, corruption and poor economic growth. The level of poverty in Haiti results from the corrupt and unstable governments that have existed (Wilentz), and incompetent citizens. In addition, poor economic growth also results from the high level of crime and corruption done by the Haitians themselves. Therefore, Haitians should stop blaming occurrences in history for their failures. However, the blame on the U.S government for increasing Haiti’s over dependence on foreign aid is justifiable. By doing this, the U.S

What is, according to your critical evaluation of what has been Essay

What is, according to your critical evaluation of what has been written on the topic, the best way to motivate people at work(Human resource management) - Essay Example Thus, it is evident how important motivation is in the workplace as this affects the caliber of an organisation’s performance and ultimately, success. The employees are the greatest asset of any company and most often are the sole component that can set a company apart from its competitors. With proper personnel management that develops an empowered workforce, the competition experienced by virtually all industries can be overcome. Empowerment is defined as a means to allow employees to carry out decisions and a intrinsic drive to have accountability for one’s behaviours (Bowen & Lawler 1992, 1995). This implies that empowerment is an outcome of management and employee efforts. Corsuon & Enz (1999) note that contemporary research has focused on psychological empowerment, particularly on the phenomenology of the employee, whereas in the past, the concept has focused on decision making and delegation of tasks (Blau 1964) Thomas and Velthouse (1990) further defined the construct as an intrinsic drive apparent in four clusters. These are meaning, competence, self-determination, an impact; these mirror an employee’s evaluation and perspective of her job and role. The first cluster, competence, refers to the extent to which an employee can carry out activities with competence when he attempts to do so; it pertains to proficiency of a skill. On the other hand, meaning is the premium attached to an objective or a mission, which is evaluated through a person’s own set of values or personal criteria. Moreover, meaning is the match between one’s job and contribution to work on one hand, and the cognition, affect, and behaviours on the other. Empowerment allows for an increase in employee motivation because empowered employees see meaning in what they do and since the goals of the company are consistent with what they attach value to (Staples 1990). Self-determination pertains to having a sense of freedom in managing one’s

Detecting Bias Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Detecting Bias - Assignment Example en by Catherine Porter and titled as â€Å"Lessons of the Montreal Massacre: Why women must fight to be what they want† for bias and the level of bias presented in her publication. The title is the first element of an article that attracts the reader and motivates him to read or believe that which way the article is inclined towards. The title of this article clearly indicates that it is in favor of women who are biased or facing difficulties in being what they want. However, the article title leaves the reader thinking about the main theme and hence promotes the reading process. Porter uses words which show her own involvement in the issue. She uses the words like ‘we’ and ‘us’ to convey the message of togetherness and mutuality of opinions. Porter uses certain words which clearly state her biased views and even expose her targeted audience through this article. For instance she writes â€Å"If you are one of those young women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which clearly indicate that this article is written with a perspective to persuade women readers on her perspective. She uses a persuasive tone to attract the readers and accept her claims. She states â€Å"If you are one of those young women who says you arent a feminist, you havent heard this story.† This claim, on one hand, challenges the thoughts of women who say they are not feminist and emphasizes on the importance of her stated story on the other. The facts exposed in this article are of course of immense importance. Like the reference to particular incidents and facts help in developing her claim. For instance the reference to the incident which she adds in her article as â€Å"In 20 minutes, he shot or stabbed 27 people, mostly women, before shooting himself. Fourteen of his victims died.† This claim does not only put the women at a disadvantageous position because of discrimination or bias from the opposite gender but also explains the level of discrimination and bias by stating that â€Å"All of them were women†. Her

United Nation Peacekeeping Essay Example for Free

United Nation Peacekeeping Essay Certain degree of bias indications has to be inevitable among any group of peacekeepers despite of their altruistic intentions. Under the principles of neutrality and impartiality, even United Nation peacekeepers are entitled to experience such biased inclinations during the course of their campaigns. In order to test this hypothesis, the study reviews the acts and campaigns of the Irish peacekeepers serving with UNIFL in Lebanon from 1980 to 2002 for potential indications of biased decisions, activities and empathy, specifically towards the local Lebanese or the Jewish settlers. ii. Problem and its Background By nature, UN Peacekeeping Organization (1948) has been helping in the resolution of existing conflicts among warring countries and/or international feuds. According to Sperling and Kirchner (1997), the UN has been able to alter its image from that of an inactive to an active organization, and the considered major etiology is the agreement among the fiver permanent members of the Security Council in 1987, particularly in using the organization as an intervener of international affairs, conflict and disarmament (p. 62). One of the most significant UN peacekeeping campaigns is the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) that centers on the 1980 conflicts between Israel and Lebanon. UN Peacekeeping ambassadors have been associated to the UNFIL mandating the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanese territory to restore international peace and security in the area. Furthermore, under the UN Security Council Resolution 425, the peacekeeping campaign and UNFIL have provided extensive tasks over Lebanese territory, such as assisting the government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in southern Lebanon, humanitarian assistance, supplies provision (e. g. medical, food, etc. ), and others (Fleitz 2002 54). Despite of the altruistic motives of the peacekeeping organization, UNFIL has encountered tremendous rejection and feud against Israelite, which eventually worsened the UN-Israel relations. According to Pitta and McCouaig (1994), the Irish peace UN ambassadors together with other members of UNIFIL have been associated 1982 Lebanon Wars between Israeli and Palestinian terrorists (Hizballah) within Lebanon (p. 4-5). Hence, instead of becoming peace ambassadors, UNIFIL members are caught in the middle of Israeli-Palestinian feud, while their Israeli-Lebanese goal of withdrawal has become entirely complex, which eventually resulted in the damage of UN relationships among Lebanese and Israeli groups. iii. Aims of the Study The primary task of the discussion is to obtain indications illustrating bias or non-partial indicators among Irish peacekeeping forces and UNIFIL members during the campaigns on Israel-Lebanon settlements. The study examines the sides of four parties involved, (1) UNIFIL and Peacekeeping Groups, (2) Lebanese Officials and their territory, (3) Israeli soldiers and their abusive settlement within Lebanese territory, and (4) the Palestinian terrorist group. The study seeks (1) to discern biased actions or perceptions that resulted in peacekeepers (Irish; UNIFIL) empathizing with either the local Lebanese or with Jewish settlers, and (2) to determine the implications of these biased activities towards UN’s relationships among Lebanon and Israel. II. Discussion i. Overview of Peacekeeping Traces of Biased Rule (1940s to 1980s) The primary characteristic of the U. N peacekeeping operations is its role in the resolution or management of conflicts and not entirely to provide aid to any parties concerned. From the historical point of view, peacekeeping operations in the Middle East have started way backed 1948 Arab-Israeli Wars under the United Nations Truce Supervision (UNTSO). The primary task of UNTSO is to supervise both military condition and the Palestinian truce (Pitta and Mccouaig 1994 4). As supported by Kellerman, Siehr and Einhorn (1998), UNTSO’s indefinite mandate is limited to observing, reporting and investigating cease-fire violations and other border incidents in the course of supervising the implementation of the General Armistice Agreements between Israel and Arab neighbors (p. 368). At that point, the United Nations General Assembly has proposed its initial peacekeeping resolution in an effort of negotiating the disputed Jerusalem from the two parties involved – Israel and Palestinians. The offer involves the partitioning of the territory into separate Arab and Jewish states with the city of Jerusalem under the International mandate. However, the offer has been declined since the most significant sacred city, Jerusalem, cannot be placed into any others’ property aside from the Jewish nation (Kellerman, Siehr and Einhorn 1998 p. 368). According to Pitta and Mccouaig (1994), the United Kingdom possesses 1. 5 million Palestinian Arabs under the League of Nations mandate and 500,000 Jews (p. 4). After the negation of UN proposal on 14th of May 1948, the United Kingdom relinquished its mandate over Palestine, while the Israel has been proclaimed. Due to the biased support of the international nationalities among Israel, the next day (May 15) the Palestinian Arabs, together with other Arab states (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria), attacked the United Kingdom republic. According to Hearn (1999), if the peacekeeping forces fail to uphold the requirement of impartiality, the credibility of their campaign shall be compromised, which consequently opens them to attacks (p. 10). In order to resolve the conflict, the UN Security Council has called for a cease-fire mandate under the Resolution 50 on MAY 29, 1948. According to Pitta and Mccouaig (1994), the UNTSO observers have become the primary observers of the truce of 1948 (p. 4). UNTSO has become the primary and the longest existing peacekeeping organization securing and monitoring the relationship between Israel and Palestinian groups. UNTSO observers have been attached to UNFIL groups in an effort of securing and monitoring the implementation of the 1948 Truce and cease fire mandate. However, according to Stephan (2004), UNTSO observers and other peacekeeping groups (e. g. UNIFIL, UN Security Council, etc. ) have been accused on implementing biased treatment among both Jews and Palestinian settlers. In response to the Lebanon-Israel conflict, Fleitz (2002) has reported that Israel groups are complaining against anti-Jews activities among UNTSO, UNIFIL and UN Department of Peacekeeping (p. 54). Meanwhile, according to Hahn (2004), Palestinians are complaining against the international favor (e. g. American support towards the Israelites, UNTSO’s rejection of Syrian complaints against Israel’s bridge and trenches fortifications that are considered violation against the armistice, etc. ). Considering these scenarios, accusations of being biased are being directed to almost every party involved in the Israel-Palestinian feud. ii. The 1982 Conflicts among UNIFIL and Disputants According to Fleitz (2002), UNIFIL is the most notorious example of the consequences when a traditional peacekeeping force is only partially accepted by warring parties (p. 54). Similar to the history of UNTSO, UNIFIL has been accused of having biased activities with the Lebanese party. The primary task of UNIFIL is to monitor the conditions of Israel settlement in Lebanon and facilitate its withdrawal. However, the disputants refuse to fully cooperate with the UNIFIL representatives due to the vast issues of biased activities (e. g. Israel party is accusing UNIFIL of being an anti-Israelite group, etc). According to Muller (1997), Israel has objected to the UN’s bias in Lebanon and elsewhere branding the UNIFIL organization as an instrument for their anti-Israel schemes (p. 132). Due to the past issues of Israel with Syria, Iran and other Arab Nations, the provision of support system has become very sensitive and critical to the peacekeeping strategies of UNIFIL. Israel has accused UNIFIL of supporting the Lebanese to regain the Palestinian and the rest of the Arab’s favor. Although, according to Fleitz (2002) and Nachmias (1999), Israel perceives UNIFIL as a U. N instrument in helping the Lebanese-Syrian groups against their nation. According to Gat (2003), Israel has falsely interpreted the reasons of Israeli troops’ withdrawal from Lebanon, and considered this as an aid for the Arab groups to reconstruct their settlement in the area (p. 104) Conflict between Israel and UNIFIL’s mission of Israel’s withdrawal has threatened the U. N-Israeli relations. Due to the incident, UNIFIL-Arab conflict has increased causing the decline of UNIFIL populations and death of most Irish peacekeepers. According to Said and Hitchens (2001), the Israeli Iron Fist operations against terrorist suspicion in the area of Lebanon have prevented them from leaving (p. 131). Nachmias (1999) states that UNIFIL failed in its three mandatory missions: (1) it did not induce peace, (2) it did not stop the daily carnage of Israeli soldiers and Lebanese civilians, and (3) it failed to achieve the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon. Instead of fulfilling their peacekeeping tasks, UNIFIL is caught in the middle of the Israeli-Palestinian feud within the Lebanese settlement. In 1985, the Israeli settlers in Lebanon filed their request of using Southern Lebanon as their settlement in the area. According to Fleitz (2002), the settling of Israelites within the security zones of South Lebanon has caused severe casualties on the part of UNIFIL members, specifically 83 fatalities from attacks when Israel launched a major invasion of Lebanon through UNIFIL positions (p. 55). Due to these consequent events, UNIFIL has failed its very mission of settling the feud between Israel and Lebanon. The South Lebanon Army has defied the U. N resolutions not to occupy the security zone between Israeli border and UNIFIL forces. The tensions between Israel and Lebanese civilians have grown to be very sensitive. UNIFIL, being opposed to the settlement of Israelites in the area of Southern Lebanon, has been incorporated with the targets of Israeli troops. However, during the patrol of Israelites within the streets of Lebanon, incidence of preventive gunfire against Irish peacekeeping forces has been reported, which eventually caused wide protest against Israel troops (Said and Hitchens 2001 133). Due to the aggressive military activities of Israel against Lebanese civilians (e. g. 1984 killing of 150 children in a bombed-out school at Bekaa Valley, 1985 killing of 20 people in Tripoli refugee camp, etc. ), UNIFIL has to support the local Lebanese civilians, especially the wounded.

Management Accounting Techniques for Competitive Advantage

Management Accounting Techniques for Competitive Advantage Hadika plc A Report:  The Use of Management Accounting Techniques for Achievement of Competitive Advantage Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction The current financial crisis has in the space of one year radically changed the global business environment. Resulting in failures and bankruptcies of international banks and financial institutions, sharp increases in mortgage failures and home repossessions, drastically reduced availability of credit, termination of thousands of job, and increasing unemployment, the crisis is expected to impact the market for cars, Hadika plc’s main product, significantly. Demand for cars is already showing signs of reducing, leading to their stockpiling at factories, dealers, and ports. Whilst sales of cheaper cars, which form Hadika’s major product range, have not until now experienced worrying drops, future prospects remain uncertain and the market is expected to become far more competitive. Company managements, especially those of smaller firms, need to become more conscious of costs and efficiencies, and aware of management accounting techniques, in order to improve their operational efficiencies, product costs and internal reporting. This management report focuses first on (a) the need for operational managers to understand and use management accounting techniques, (b) the similarities and differences between financial and management accounting principles and methods, (c) the roles played by management accountants, (d) the most suitable classification of costs for the company and (e) the application of management accounting techniques in pricing decisions, and thereafter takes up the appropriateness and use of management accounting techniques to maintain and increase the company’s market share. 2. Management Accounting Management accounting (MA) essentially involves the use of financial and accounting tools and techniques by managers of business firms to improve operational efficiencies, control and reduce costs, improve sales volumes and sales mix, and increase productivity, profitability, market share, and competitive advantage.[1] Whilst based upon similar accounting fundamentals, MA is essentially different from financial accounting. Financial accounting is primarily a recording method that aims to present a true and fair picture of (a) the revenues, expenses and profits of businesses during specific determined periods, and (b) the value of their assets and liabilities on a specific date, for all users of prepared financial statements. This aim of financial accounting to provide a true and fair picture of the operations and the assets of businesses has resulted in the development of a vast and intricate system of accounting that has been shaped by influences from accountants, auditors, taxation authorities, regulatory bodies, stock exchanges, company managements, and other stakeholders.[2] Whilst financial accounting has evolved in different directions in different regions and countries, globalisation is leading to the convergence of these different methods and to the gradual evolution of a single standardised global financial accounting system.[3] MA, like financial accounting, helps in providing a picture of the company’s operations. Its basic approach is however very different and it serves more as an internal accounting tool that helps managements to improve their costs and cost structures, productivity, operational efficiency, sales performance, and profitability.[4] Based upon the same time tested accounting methods as financial accounting, MA uses more of cost accounting techniques and has essentially evolved and enlarged from the cost accounting methods that were pioneered by John Wedgwood during the great recession.[5] The use of MA as an internal management tool allows for great flexibility in its usage and scope and encourages its shaping and modification by the needs of operating processes, businesses, and organisations.[6] MA uses accepted costing methods like batch, process, standard and activity based costing. It helps managements to determine unit costs, variable costs, fixed costs, and breakeven points. Processes like marginal costing, Make or Buy and Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analyses help in determination of product profitability and optimisation of sales mix; budgeting techniques aid in optimising operational performance and cash flows through comparison of actual performance against budgets and analysing positive and negative variances.[7] The company currently determines unit costs by absorbing all costs incurred by the company into individual products and dividing such costs by simple parameters like production or sales numbers.[8] Such a system, whilst in use in many firms, is likely to lead to erroneous costing build-ups, misleading information and inappropriate pricing decisions.[9] Classification of Hadika’s costs into Variable Costs, (those that are dependent upon production volume; like material and direct labour), and Fixed Costs, (those that are incurred irrespective of production volume; like salaries, rents and depreciation), will enable the organisation to ascertain breakeven points at different sales prices and sales volumes and make appropriate pricing decisions, which in turn will help in achieving competitive advantage, market penetration, and profit optimisation.[10] CVP analyses will allow the firm to determine the effect of various cost, price and volume combinations upon organisational profitability and assist significantly in taking decisions regarding determination of sales mix, introduction of new products and phasing out of unprofitable products or product lines.[11] Sensitivity analyses and cost and volume simulations will help Hadika in forecasting the impact of changes in costs and volumes upon profitability.[12] Management accountants are expected to compile records, statements, and forecasts, on the basis of historical and projected figures for sales, costs and other expenses, with the use of current cost and management accounting techniques.[13] Their job, whilst being grounded in basic accounting and cost accounting concepts, is essentially interdisciplinary and interdepartmental, needing them to investigate the nature of different costs and revenues and analyse them in a user friendly manner for the use of management, as well as for the sales, and production departments.[14] Whilst management accountants make use of normal computing aids like Excel spreadsheets for their computation and analysis, the development of sophisticated ERP software has empowered them significantly and they are now able to provide far more complex analyses of the impact of developments in various business areas upon organisational productivity, cost efficiency and profitability. 3. Application of Management Accounting Methods at Hadika With the current financial crisis reducing credit availability, employment, and incomes, across the advanced nations, the market for cars is likely to be affected drastically in the coming months; buyers are expected to increasingly look for products that are cheap, economical to run, and provide value for money. The crisis is expected to be particularly hard on people in higher income groups, consequent to their wealth evaporating in the face of stock market meltdowns. The market for larger cars is forecasted to shrink much faster than those of smaller compacts and sub-compacts; which are cheaper and more economical to operate and maintain. Management accounting techniques in this scenario should be employed to examine and analyse costs, sales prices, sales volumes, and sales mixes, in order to empower the company management to take appropriate action for improvement of competitive advantage, and for maintaining and improving market share. The use of variable costing will enable managers to know the composition and amount of direct costs for each component and each product, as well as the expected contribution from each product. Products with higher unit contributions being more profitable than others, contribution analysis will enable the management to localise more profitable products and determine the thresholds to which prices of these products can be reduced. Such initiatives will also help the management in investigating and analysing â€Å"make or buy† options, and if possible in outsourcing the production of some components from more economical sources; thus driving down the company’s cost of production. Outsourcing of components from more economical producers will in turn lead to the identification of surplus employees, who can then either be deployed effectively in other activities, or let go, both options leading to cost savings and improvements in efficiency. The segregation of costs into fixed and variable will also bring all fixed costs into focus and provide numerous other opportunities for cost savings through the identification of (a) unutilised or underutilised workforce, rent, or machinery, and (b) excessive costs in administration, travel, entertainment, external consultants, electricity, canteen expenses and legal fees, thus opening up numerous areas in which costs could progressively be reduced without upsetting the working of the company or employee morale. Comparison of sales forecasts with actual achievements, accompanied by analysis of variances and study of product contribution, could help the company in focussing on poorly performing products, followed by identification of reasons for poor performance, and the possibilities and consequences of introducing price or even, (if the situation so warrants), production cuts. CVP analysis will allow managers to gain instant access to the results of numerous permutations of sales mix, in terms of individual and composite break even points and profitability, thus allowing them to target on the optimum sales mix, both from the point of view of the market and of the firm. Application of MA techniques will help the company to (a) control and reduce costs (b) focus on profitable and unprofitable segments by way of contribution analysis, (c) decide upon price reductions and (d) strategically pass on cost advantages to the customer or dealer to increase competitive advantage and market share. Analysis and simulation of Cash Flows, another integral component of MA, will help the management to understand the effect of these changes on the cash flows of the company and enable timely corrective action. 4. Conclusion and Recommendations Management Accounting methods help managements of firms in improving understanding of costs, control and management of costs, and the effect of changes of costs and volumes on profits and cash flows, and by doing so help in the taking of complex decisions that can significantly affect organisational working. Whilst the use of MA techniques prove to be helpful at all points of time, they become imperative in times of increased competition or market recession, not just for improvement of competitive advantage but for simple survival. Their use in these critical times is deemed to be essential, as is their knowledge at all decision making levels of the company. Word Count: 1614 (Excluding Title Page and Table of Contents) Bibliography Bell J, and Ansari, S, 1995, Strategy and Management Accounting, Houghton Miffin Company, Retrieved November 24, 2008 from college.hmco.com/accounting/ansari/management/1e/students/modules/mod11.pdf Bhimani, A, (2003), Management Accounting in the Digital Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press Guidry, F., Horrigan, J. O., Craycraft, C. (1998), CVP Analysis: A New Look. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(1), 74+ Gul, F. A., Tsui, J. S. (2001), Free Cash Flow, Debt Monitoring, and Audit Pricing: Further Evidence on the Role of Director Equity Ownership. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 20(2), 71 Heymann, H. G., Bloom, R. (1990), Opportunity Cost in Finance and Accounting, Westport, CT: Quorum Books Lawrence, C. M. (2006), Cost Management: A Strategic Focus, 3d Ed. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(3), 324+ Mascha, M. F. (2002). Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions. Issues in Accounting Education, 17(4), 451+ Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1992). The New Foundations of Management Accounting, New York: Quorum Books Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2002). Behavioural Management Accounting, Westport, CT: Quorum Books Roberts, C, Westman, P, and Gordon, P, 2005, International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA Thompson, R. (1986). Understanding Cash Flow: A System Dynamics Analysis, 23+ 1 [1] Bhimani, A, (2003), Management Accounting in the Digital Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press [2] Roberts, C, Westman, P, and Gordon, P, (2005), International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA [3] Roberts Others, (2005) [4] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992), The New Foundations of Management Accounting, New York: Quorum Books [5] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992) [6] Lawrence, C. M, (2006), Cost Management: A Strategic Focus, 3d Ed. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(3), 324+ [7] Lawrence, (2006) [8] Mascha, M. F, (2002), Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions. Issues in Accounting Education, 17(4), 451+ [9] Mascha, (2002) [10] Mascha, (2002) [11] Guidry, F., Horrigan, J. O., Craycraft, C. (1998), CVP Analysis: A New Look. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(1), 74+ [12] Mascha, (2002) [13] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992) [14] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992)

Ipad Is The Best Tablet Computer Science Essay

Ipad Is The Best Tablet Computer Science Essay IPad a computer that is a type of a tablet, and it was developed by the Apple Company. Apple designed and marketed the IPad especially for the media which include books, periodicals, movies, music, and games. Another purpose of the Apple to design the IPad is to provide general web and email access. The size and weight of the IPad that are about 700 grams is contemporary among all the smart phones and the laptops. Apple introduces the IPad in April, 2010 and on this release Apple sold about three million IPads in the first eighty days. The operating system of the IPad is almost the same as the operating system of the IPod Touch and IPhone. As the I Phone the IPad is also managed and controlled by the multi touch display that is sensitive to the fingertip contact and up to eleven fingers. IPad is different among the previous tablet computers in a way that previous tablets used the pressure triggered a stylus on the other hand IPad can run not only the I Phone applications, but also ru n its own specific applications, but IPad can only run Apples approved programs and the programs that have in its online stores. IPad for the browsing of the internet, load and stream media and for the installing of software uses the Wi-Fi or a 3G mobile data connection. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Hardware Screen and Input: The display of the IPad is the liquid crystal and it touch screen is the about 25 cm. It has fingerprint and scratch resistant glasses the users can use their bare fingers to use it like the IPhones. The users of IPad cannot use the normal gloves and styli because they dont pass on the electrical conductivity, but in market special gloves and styli are available that can be used for the IPad. IPads display screen responds to the two sensors such as an ambient light sensor and 3-axis accelerometer that are respectively adjust the screen brightness and sense IPad orientation. The 3-axis accelerometer also used to switch between portrait and landscape mode. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Connectivity: IPad can use wireless or wired connection for the wireless purpose it can use Wi-Fi network trilateration from the skyhook wireless this provide the IPad applications location information the applications such as Google maps and for the wired connectivity it has a dock connector. IPad has a 3.5 mm TRS connector audio that provides the stereo sound for the headphones and two internal speakers. IPad has also a microphone for the purpose of voice recording and a built in Bluetooth 2.1 and EDR interface that not only allows the wireless headphones but also keyboard with all this connectivity devices IPad has 1024768 VGA video output that connect the IPad with the television or other external devices. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Power and Battery: The batteries that IPad used is from the Taiwan by Simplo Technology and Dynapack International Technology it is an internal rechargeable lithium ion polymer battery and its adapter is of USB 10 W power and it comes in three internal storage sizes flash drive that are 16, 32 and 64 GB it also have camera connection kit with an SD card reader but the problem is that this card only be used to transfer the photos and videos. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Software: As describe earlier IPad can only run the software that are available in the Apple online stores and these software written by the IPads developers theses developers have to pay for the license. IPad has a feature that it can run all the iPhones applications in it modified the screen resolution according to the program or applications. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Applications: IPad has many applications in it some of them are Safari, Mail, Video, YouTube, iPod, iTunes, App Store, iBook, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Contacts and Spotlight search and form these many application are the improved version of the iPhones applications. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Why IPad is The Best Tablet? IPad is the best tablet it can be seen from the fact that more and more companies are introducing IPads that have more and more extraordinary features in them. (Svensson, (2012)). As a report shows that when we talk about the tablet IPad is still the best tablet according to Chitika firm analytics when the people views for the tablet they mostly viewed for the IPad analytics report IPad page views have 87 percent share of the activity on the internet while searching for the tablet and it is for its features that it has. (Reyes, (2013)). IPad is the best tablet in a way that it consumes less power it has some features that is useful for the customer that is it has accelerator in it that horizontally and vertically adjust the screen and also a light sensor which prevent the human eyes from the rays. It is a multi-tasking device. IPad is the best tablet because it can be beneficial for the academics like the teachers, students use it as a paper replacements because by using the IPads the one can preserves the formatting and also use it to display the figures, diagrams, different images and different types of charts. The teachers can use it to describe different concepts that cannot be understood theoretically by giving the online examples in front of the Students. This not only clears the concepts of the students, but also enhance the capabilities in them and also the self-confidence. Students can use IPads to do work at nights easily because it is comes in approximately 10 inch screen and also less heavy than the traditional computers. IPads screen resolution also low because it has LED screen that is not harmful for the eyes. You can read the whole books on the IPads. (Golub, (2010)). IPad has the built in apps in them that is very useful for the people that use it like Google chrome, Facebook, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft outlook etc. These in built apps useful for all the people like office employees, students, and teachers. People can easily search the content they want and get connected with the people. IPad the best tablet because by using its store app one can have access to the television streaming and the movies. One can download the books easily and also can read the internet content when you are not online by saving the content in a reading list. It is a very useful app that can be used by the people. (Parkhurst, (2012)) IPad is the best tablet in a way that its different apps are very useful in the daily and tough routine of the peoples like in the tough working routine IPads video apps is a very useful app to refresh yourself by watching movies or listen to the good music in front of a tiny screen instead of the large screen obviously we cannot compare the TV with the IPad, but watching movies or your different shows on the IPad tablet making feel you closer and real. Many devices like Apple TV or the Xbox 360 helps to overcome the difference between the content that is on the internet and the TVs that you use in your living room but when you are getting use to of the device like IPad that have speed and convenience then it is difficult to switch off to the technology that is not as convenient and responsive. (Sintumang, (2012)). By using the different magazines and news apps the house wives can enjoy the fashion news, gossips and also keep pace with the world by updating their minds from the news apps. (Caplan, (2012)). The feature that makes IPad best tablet is because it is a device that has all the features in one. Its different apps for engineers and accountants are also a prominent feature. Its journal apps like My Own Diary HD, iJournaler and Max Journal for IPad is very use full for the offices employees. By using these apps you can easily enter the entries in the journal and after completion it is automatically update the date and the ease is that you can export it not only by emailing but also by the file sharing like text files, PDFs. (Wolfe, (2010)) Whenever you want to go anywhere for a long time and want to take all your necessary office items, your books and other things with you but you also want to reduce your packing then what is the way? One easy way is that you can use your IPad. By using the IPads you can have all your books, your maps and also you can use your IPad as your travel guide if you are going for an outing. If you want to know the best places of the country you are going to then by using IPad you can search the latest reviews about the countrys best hotels, finest places and it is not only a time saving process but also more timely and reliable. (Rawlinson, (2011)) Conclusion: As the above discussion clearly shows that the IPad is the best tablet as the first paragraph shows describes the point that in different reports shows that IPad is still the best tablet when the people search for the tablet and thats why the companies are launching the new versions of the IPads and increase the features for the people convenience and for providing them all the ease that they can in terms of technology. First paragraph shows some outlook features of IPad that is its size, its accelerator and light sensor. The second paragraph shows the importance of IPads in the academics that is it is very useful for the student, teachers like the teachers and student can use it for the paper replacement they can use IPads to writing the notes and displaying the figures, graphs and charts. The teachers can use the IPads to explain the concepts to the students that cannot be understood theoretically. The third paragraphs shows that IPads have different built in apps in them like Micr osoft outlook, Facebook, Google Chrome that help the people to stay in touch with their loved ones and for increasing the social network. These apps are also useful for the people in the office to search the material they are looking for and to increase their working capabilities. Fourth paragraph describes that the store app of the IPad is useful to store the books and download them easily the people can also save the online content in a reading list and can read it even if you are not online. Fifth paragraph describes that the IPad can be used as a refreshment tool by watching movies and listening music on it as in the tough working routine IPad is very useful to refresh the mind. Sixth paragraph shows that the IPad app of magazines and news is very prominent app as the house wives and the office going people can keep them updated by the daily news. Seventh paragraph describes the apps for the engineers and accountant that they can use different apps to overcome their work load an d make the work easy for them. Eight paragraph shows that IPad can used as a tourist guide that it can help you to locate the different places and the best restaurant of the country you are going. You can use the IPad to reduce your bulk packing as it provides you the apps and features that helps you in all your way.

one hundred years of solitude :: essays research papers

31.03.2005  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are times when surreal is so naturally expressed that it becomes real. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, Garcia Marquez perfectly combines extraordinary events with everyday life. The magic realism in Marquez’s novel transforms the extraordinary into reality by the use of religion, myth and belief systems. Although these themes make the novel magical, the story is a representation of the reality of Latin America before industrialism with a Civil War going on and the reactions of the people to modernization. The novel also clearly expresses how magic and religion overcome the realities of life – magic becomes more real than reality itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of religion and different perspectives on issue are introduced by different characters. The indigenous members of the Buendia family are very flexible toward religion. For example, Jose Arcadio Buendia teases the priest. Most of the Buendias have incestuous relationships. Most of the Buendia men have affairs with prostitutes. These examples do not prove that the Buendias are nonreligious but on the contrary they believe that religion is an institution between God and man itself and no mediators are needed. As a counter-example on the issue of flexibility on religion in the Buendia family is the newcomer member, Fernanda del Carpio, is strictly religious and an inflexible follower of Catholism. She gains the control of the Buendia house by imposing her vain religious discipline. Fernanda’s nonflexible religious side reaches its climax where she forces her daughter Amaranta Ursula to become a nun because of her relationship with Mauricio Babilonia wh ich Fernanda disapproves and Mauricio is shot and becomes paralyzed in Fernanda’s command and their illegitimate son Aureliano is locked into a room. Remedios the Beauty, the daughter of Santa Sofia and Arcadio, floats to heaven and Amaranta, the daughter of Ursula Iguaran and Jose Arcadio Buendia, dies as a virgin. These characters can be also counted as biblical symbols of heaven and Mary the Virgin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One Hundred Years of Solitude can be perceived as the Bible of Macondo since it outlines the genesis and apocalypse of Macondo in which the biblical myths are fulfilled. Initially, Macondo is an uncivilized, innocent settlement and Jose Arcadio Buendia and Ursula Iguaran populates Macondo as Adam and Eve did the world. Besides, Jose Arcadio Buendia surely represents Adam since he is tied up to a tree because of insanity caused by his quest for knowledge similar to Adam and Eve being exiled from Eden after eating from the Tree of Knowledge.

moralhf Essays - The Moral Vistory in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Moral Vistory in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a perfect example of how one's heart and morals can change in difficult situations. Huck's journey down the Mississippi River tested him to his limits of being able to handle situations in the way which he had been raised. Huck shows that how one is raised is something that will impact them tremendously in the rest of their life and that it is hard to change from what you've been molded into. Early in the novel Huck shows how much of a rebellious and joking boy he truly is. "I put out the light and I scrambled out of the window...,"(pg. 17) says Huck. Huck, at a young age, began getting himself into many difficult situations, such as escaping from the cave in Tom Sawyer. Huck often has a hard time abiding by rules, keeping himself out of trouble, and comprehending the things he has been taught. However, he does learn one thing, that he is better than the Negroes. So, as young boys, Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer spend a g ood bit of their time playing tricks on Ms. Watson's slave, Jim. "He slipped Jim's hat off his head and hung it on a limb right over him...,"(pg. 19) tricks like these which Huck is never punished for are part of what confirm the teaching that he is in fact better than blacks. This conditioning as a young child is what makes it difficult for him to deal with Jim as an equal later in life. Once on the river Huck has a much more difficult time as he not only has to deal with Jim but also the King and Duke who join them on their journey. The King and Duke's actions around Huck make him realize that he needs to change his morals. When Huck realizes that the King and Duke are impostors his learning experience begins. "It didn't take me long to make up my mind that these liars warn't no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds." This statement shows that Huck has feelings about the King and Duke that show that his morals are of the kind which will not self ishly go against other's trust.

The Approach of U.S. Foreign Policy and Terrorism Essay -- Argumentati

The Approach of U.S. Foreign Policy and Terrorism U.S. foreign policy is plunging head first in its war on terrorism. Our focus is expanding and including various dynamics that harbor American interests. By broadening our focus in our war on terrorism, we are beginning to spread ourselves too thin. Therefore, we risk the danger of fighting too many battles at once. Terrorism is a large issue that American foreign policy will not be able to tackle in the manner it has set out to do. Recently, Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle voiced his concern over the direction the U.S. is taking in its war on terrorism. He was criticized because his statements are "one of the most critical assessments to date of the U.S. war effort," and therefore "divisive at a time when the country needs to be united," (Bash). Daschle stated the war has been successful up until now, but was concerned the war effort has been spreading "without clear direction," (Bash). Daschle's statement reflects a growing concern in Congress on the expansion of the war on terrorism. U.S. foreign policy and its approach to the war are broadening to include a widening spectrum of terrorist related issues in more regions of the world. Daschle's main concern is that foreign policy initiatives supported by Congress in the aftermath of September 11th are taken as a blank check to expand the war on terrorism. Particularly, in the movement of American troops to regions of the world where events were not considered directly linked to US interests or security threats previously. His argument rests in the lack of communication between the Bush Administration and Congress on war initiatives. For example, despite regular briefing... ...sh.† CNN.com. 3 Mar 2002. www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/03/03/Daschle.terror/index.html â€Å"Georgia: Caucasus flashpoint.† CNN.com. 27 Feb 2002. www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/02/27/georgia.chechnya/index.html Gordon, Michael R. â€Å"Saudis Warning Against Attack by U.S. on Iraq.† Nytimes.com. 17 Mar 2002. www.nytimes.com/2002/03/17/international/middleeast/17CHEN.html Press, Bill. "'Axis of Evil' Reveals Excess of Ignorance." CNN.com. 20 Feb 2002. www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/02/20/column.billpress.index.html â€Å"U.S. expanding war on terrorism.† CNN.com. 1 Mar 2002. www.cnn.com/2002/US/03/01/ret.us.forces/index.html â€Å"U.S. may send troops to Yemen soon, officials say.† CNN.com. 12 Mar 2002. www.cnn.com/2002/US/03/12/ret.yemen.troops/index.html

Schools Have Come A Long Way Education Essay

Schools have come a long manner from being a homogenous establishment. The schools of today are diverse in every facet. The diverseness in categories are no longer limited to gender and race, but surpasses to kids who are high winners, low winners, and kids with disablement. The ability to learn every kid has new significance in schoolrooms. Differentiated direction is a method through which instructors can make every kid. Harmonizing to Anita Woolfolk ( 2011 ) differentiated direction is a flexible instruction method where lessons are individualized based on what the pupil needs. Differentiated direction is carried out in several ways that affect how a schoolroom runs. In an inclusive schoolroom differential direction ensures making every pupil ‘s demands and the chance for them to larn, win, and achieve. Since pupils presents are from many different background, civilization, accomplishments, and larning manner, most instructors are intimidated by the differences. However, there are wide assortment techniques to help instructors to make every pupil. In order to win in differentiated direction, instructors need to be after and give out clear instructions. They should anticipate the highest out of pupils though outlooks may change harmonizing to the kid needs. The instructor should assist pupils to accomplish by giving the appropriate appraisals, supportive environment, and instructional stuffs ; even pupils with mild to chair disablement still can prosecute in a normal schoolroom activity. In order to accommodate and to modify an inclusive schoolroom, Tomlinson ( 1999 ) stated some knowing rules in assisting every pupil to accomplish. They are ; assessment and direction are inseparable and instructor and pupils collaborate in larning and many more. Teachers need to constantly look back to modify his or her lesson and adjust to a degree that all pupils can to the full prosecute in it. Collaborate acquisition is great for interactions between the instructor and the pupil. Connections make advancement in making and lending a good environment. In add-on, differentiate content, procedure, merchandises, and larning environment is what most instructors look for in an inclusive schoolroom. How do pupils entree information that they do non understand, or how and what the pupil needs to larn? Showing auditory and ocular lessons are inevitable because when pupils see and hear information at the same clip, they develop more ideas and will be more engaged in the schoolroom. For pupils with larning disablements, grouping and reorganizing based on their involvement are necessary. Teachers can get down with simple in writing organisers like KWL charts. In an inclusive schoolroom, some pupil may be extremely accomplishing and some may non be as the advanced pupils, therefore instructors should maintain every pupil in the category busy. Highly accomplishing pupils may work on more ambitious undertaking while instructor can work separately with LD pupils. In order to make so, instructors ‘ clip direction is significantly of import. The sum of clip instructors should pass on a pupil may change. He or she is to supply extra support for fighting scholar and give encouragement for advanced scholars. Grouping in schoolrooms plays an of import function in how differentiated direction is carried out. Two types of grouping found common are ability grouping and flexible grouping. Ability grouping is defined as grouping pupils in groups of two or three harmonizing to their ability. John Hollifield ( 1987 ) references it as one of the oldest and most controversial grouping methods. Ability grouping can be farther divided into between category and within category ability grouping. Between category ability grouping is when kids from different schoolrooms or classs are separated into groups harmonizing to their ability within a capable affair. Within-class ability grouping trades with pupils of an single category being grouped harmonizing to their abilities. Ability groupings are put together so that kids can work at their ain gait. The high winners can vie with the other high winners and excel while the low winners and the kids with disablement are put in groups where they are given exce ss attending. Some of the statements presented against ability grouping are that they do non allow the low achieving pupils get challenged by the high achieving pupils. The groups might ever remain the same which might take to labeling for pupils by the other pupils. Labeling can besides take to self carry throughing prognostication. Students will get down believing that they will ever remain as low winners. Harmonizing to Hollifield ( 1987 ) groups should be little and should invariably be changed due to reappraisals of kids. Flexible grouping was created maintaining the disadvantages of ability grouping in head. Harmonizing to Michael Ford ( 2005 ) grouping should change invariably. In flexible grouping the size of the groups vary from clip to clip. There is no set type of grouping for the whole twelvemonth. Groups are no longer homogenous but are heterogenous ; kids are no longer grouped harmonizing to their ability or disablement. Students are invariably reassessed and put into different groups. Children acquire opportunity to work with everybody in the schoolroom. Differentiated direction is achieved through integrity. Along with coming up with assorted grouping methods in the schoolroom, learning techniques are besides taken into consideration in differentiated direction. Teachers are responsible for taking into consideration the lesson/subject every bit good as the pupils go toing the lesson. It is through differentiate direction that instructors are able to see and steer pupils toward their function as an active participant in the schoolroom. This procedure is performed through invariably measuring pupil ‘s advancement by inquiring inquiries, making chances for pupils, supplying support along with making an environment most good for the pupil. The direction is differentiated to run into the demand of each pupil. It is through differentiated direction that pupils, instructors and the course of study interact every bit good as work separately. The â€Å" cog † of distinction demonstrates this relationship of association and disassociation. It exhibits the pupils as taking the function of searcher in cognition. It demonstrates the instructors as taking the functions of a guider/provider of cognition. It establishes the course of study as the construction for both the searcher and the guider of cognition. Differentiated Instruction provides opportunities to single growing. It focuses on student-based instruction that is made up of combination of different larning manners to implement huge acquisition. Harmonizing to Tulbure ( 2011 ) , â€Å" differentiate direction on the degree of higher instruction is represented by the distinction upon personal acquisition manners † ( 80 ) . If pupils are presented with differentiate direction that provides a method that works for them, it helps bring forth a positive mentality for pupils towards their engagement in academic accomplishment and success. The advantages of differentiated direction is that it promotes single difference, provides equal chances for all pupils, provides flexibleness and is pupil centered that p romotes pupil ‘s demands. The disadvantages of differentiated direction is that it loses the pupil ‘s involvement towards larning as excessively much is taken up in showing the activity. It leads to troubles in seting a whole-class direction, which reduces flexibleness. Differential direction has assorted pros and cons and has impacted the manners of direction in instruction. Another facet that plays a function on differentiated direction is engineering. Technology has become an indispensable constituent of the instruction system and the society. Today ‘s schoolrooms are enriched with diverse engineering such as smart boards, laptops, ipads, clicker, etc. It has made mundane learning engineering based without which schoolrooms have become unable to work. Technology has become highly valuable for schoolroom scenes, pupils and instructors. It has changed the society and coevals norm. Peoples of western states have become so involved with technological appliances that they are known as the â€Å" digital indigens. † Harmonizing to Mostmans, Vleugels and Bannier ( 2011 ) research has demonstrated that it has become an of import facet in development of the young person. It provides them with a digital manner of acquisition and instruction. It implements creativeness, geographic expedition and possible growing. It besides promotes individualism along with personal growing. Students are able to utilize their creativeness and do their ain picks in faculty members. The research workers besides stress that engineering in schoolrooms provides pupils with a new manner of geographic expedition, communicating and coaction. They suggest the production of new plans which will assist convey pupils together and assist them to dispute themselves intellectually. Computer-supported collaborative acquisition ( CSCL ) expresses that pupils should work together and that acquisi tion does n't take topographic point in isolation but jointly. Students will larn by oppugning and happening out solutions with aid of one another. Technology is besides considered to be highly advantageous for young person with disablements. It is known by the term â€Å" assistive engineering, † any piece of machine that implements and improves larning in persons with disablement. It is the jurisprudence made by IDEA that requires particular instruction suppliers to provide assistive engineering to all pupils with disablement. There are three keys to depict distinction harmonizing to Ellis ( 1999 ) , which are â€Å" ( a ) aiming pupil ‘s Zone of Proximal Development – ZPD, ( B ) capitalising on pupil ‘s rational accomplishments and endowments, and ( C ) furthering reliable motive. † ( p.1, Holm ) . Reaching ZPD require instructors to pay close attending to the pupil ‘s demands so they are non assigned to a easy undertaking, or a highly hard undertaking. Capitalizing pupil ‘s accomplishments and endowments can broaden their strengths and back up their failings. Giving the right motive can assist kids to reapply the same accomplishments in their day-to-day life. Making appropriate and effectual undertakings motivated pupils to take part as a squad. It helps the schoolroom go student-centered. Alternatively of the old manner manner, where the instructor entirely reads to the category, instructors are now concentrated on how a pupil performs in forepart of their equals. C lassroom activities are interactions between pupils and pupils, every bit good as pupils and instructor. If there is a peculiar LD pupil that a teacher finds particularly ambitious, he or she should take the right attack by seeking support from IEP, Individualized Education Programs aid pupils to accomplish academic ends more easy. The Considerations Packet suggests, â€Å" IEP can supply a wealth of information sing pupil involvement, preparedness, and larning profile. † ( p.3, Holm ) . It narrows down to assist each single pupil in deepness. They focus on pupils and assist them carry through what they can make. They teach based on the pupil ‘s involvement and their suited accomplishment degree. Combining professional and general instructor in a differentiated schoolroom can better the schoolroom ‘s environment into a more efficient and effectual schoolroom. General instructor can concentrate on the whole and professionals can supply services to construct on success for LD pupils. Teacher outlooks are another factor that affects differential acquisition. It can impact the overall academic public presentation of pupils in school. When one thinks of instructor outlooks, the term may mention to instructors anticipating certain behaviours and degrees of public presentations from certain pupils. In other words, the term teacher outlook may connote inequalities. What is more, the effects and cultural fluctuations of teacher outlooks can impede pupil ‘s abilities to larn at their fullest potency. Harmonizing to Rubie-Davies, Hattie and Hamilton ( 2006 ) , there are two classs of teacher outlook effects: prolonging outlook effects and self-fulfilling prognostication effects ( p. 430 ) . First, prolonging outlook effects is when instructors expect pupils to execute a certain manner that was antecedently observed and may non take into history any alterations that pupils may do after. Second, the self-fulfilling prognostication provinces that instructors ‘ wrong outlooks can take pupils to execute and carry through this prognostication. Such a point of view can impede instructor ‘s perceptual experience that the pupil can non alter or better their public presentation, and this leads to the instructor sing the pupil as low accomplishing. One difference between prolonging outlook effects and self-fulfilling prognostication effects is that the latter â€Å" creates change in pupils ‘ public presentation, while prolonging outlook effects â€Å" thwart the potency for any alteration † ( 2006, p.430 ) . Furthermore, self-fulfilling prognostication effects are besides called Golem effects and Galatea effects ( Rubie-Davies et al. , 2006, p. 430 ) . Golem effects are negative effects and consequences from instructors ‘ low outlooks that can impede the academic public presentation of pupils, while Galatea effects are positive effects and consequences from instructors ‘ high outlooks that increase the academic public presentation of pupils ( p.430 ) . Furthermore, one factor that may act upon teacher outlooks is the race and ethnicity of pupils. A great trade of research has been done on how ethnicity influences teacher outlooks, and much of the decisions have been drawn the same: instructors are more likely to hold higher outlooks for white pupils and lower outlooks for minority pupils ( Rubie-Davies et al. , 2006, p. 430 ; Tenebaum & A ; Ruck, 2007, p. 253 ) . In one survey that observed the differences in teacher outlooks of the reading public presentation of Maori, Pacific Island, Asian and New Zealand European pupils, it was found that â€Å" sustaining outlook effects explained Maori pupils ‘ limited advancement, † and self-fulfilling prognostications may hold been operated among Pacific Island, Asian and New Zealand European pupils ( Rubie-Davies et al. , 2006, p. 439 ) . In another survey that collaborated several old informations on instructor outlooks toward minorities and European American pupils, â€Å" i nstructors were found to keep the highest outlooks for Asiatic American pupils, and held more positive outlooks for European American pupils than for Latino/a and African American pupils † ( Tenebaum & A ; Ruck, 2007, p. 253 ) . When instructors hold high and positive outlooks for certain pupils, they are more likely to dispute them, give prompts, call on them, and give support and encouragement. When the instructors hold low and negative outlooks for other pupils, the opposite is true. A possible ground why instructor outlooks vary along racial and cultural lines is because of the stereotypes that exist in society and the fact that instructors may keep onto them. For one, racism has been profoundly embedded in the history of the United States. Teachers may keep true to the theoretical account minority myth that Asians perform better in STEM classs. In the survey antecedently mentioned, instructors may hold hold true to the stereotype that Maori households do non value instruction ( Rubie-Davies et al. , 2006, ) . Whatever the grounds may be, it is crucially of import that instructors address their ain prejudices, stereotypes, and unjust positions of pupils, every bit good as their households. Teaching every kid means that every kid must hold an equal chance to instruction, and instructors play a critical function. In the terminal, the result is beautiful: every kid learns to their fullest potency, and they grow and mature with the necessary competence needed to len d to this quickly changing universe.

Edgar Allan Poe Research Paper

His writing shows that he is familiar with the thought process of a mad spell, leaving some o bank that he himself was In fact insane, except If he were, could he hold up the might to describe such dark thoughts and plant In detailed graphic tale? Most of Popes short stories revolve well-nigh death, gloom and the psychic state of his chief(prenominal) character/ characters. More often than non, the main(prenominal) character of his stories is thought to pull in a certain degree of insanity. The Tell- Tale rawness does non disappoint.The trading floor follows the formula that Edgar Allan Poe ameliorate death, gloom, and moral instability. Some count It Is the cashiers insanity that causes him to dismember he old human beings Into several pieces and place him under the floorboards slice others question whether or not the main character was really insane. In order of battle for unrivalled to be able to produce to a plausible conclusion concerning the cordial he alth of the unnamed narrator one must know what insanity is, the medical exam explanation of insanity, and comp be both definitions to the mental state of the narrator in the falsehood.So what only if is insanity? The word insanity was really termed by lawyers within the intelligent profession. dementia Is a relatively new defensive structure In the united States, as It was not restricted until around 1849, the time that Edgar Allan wrote the baloney The Tell Tale Heart. close to the time the story was written thither were many cases in America world tried where the defendants had plead not vile by reason of insanity.Some think that Poe was remunerative close attention to the trial, as his story seemed to be a confession in which the narrator confessed the murder, but has all intentions of acquire off by alluding to be magical spell most would argue It was all an act, on that point are certain aspects In the story that allude that the narrator may have not been pretending to be Insane. The legal deflation of Insanity Is, a mental nausea of such a severe spirit that a person privynot distinguish fantasize from mankind, tailnot conduct his/her affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior (Hoses). at bottom the medical profession, there is no definition for the word insanity. It is not a diagnosis that is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, alike known as ADSM. What Is diagnosed in the ADSM are various mental problems that smoke cause an Individuals behavior to change, sometimes leading them to commit a criminal offense depending on their diagnosed mental illness. Based upon the clues provided in the story The Tell- Tale Heart, one can conclude that the narrator is suffering from the mental disorder of paranoiac schizophrenic psychosis.Psychiatrists believe that when a person suffers from paranoia they most likely have paranoid schizophrenia. People with paranoia t end to believe that they have super sensitive key show uping. They hear Inanimate object talking to them or voices that dont auditory hallucinations, violence, aloofness, etc. Paranoid schizophrenia is one of several types of schizophrenia, a continuing mental illness in which reality is interpreted abnormally (psychosis).The classic features of paranoid schizophrenia are having beliefs that have no basis in reality (delusions) and tryout things that arena real (auditory hallucinations) (Paranoid dementia praecox). The story gravels with the narrator stating But wherefore will you say that I am mad? The disease has sharpened my senses-not destroyed- not dulled them I heard things in the heaven and in the earth (Poe 40). Within reading the first few lines of the story, the narrator has revealed to the audience two manifestations of paranoid schizophrenia, misgiving and auditory hallucinations. These symptoms, especially his disposition to dispute, are manifested not only wh en he arose and argued intimately trifles but as well end-to-end the tarradiddle Obviously, the prisoners captors have named his crime for what it is, the act of an anxiousness-ridden lunatic this is the argument that the narrator- illustrating another symptom of schizophrenia, overlook of insight- rejects as erroneous, impertinent, absurdly false this is the dissertation to which he attempts to provide the antithesis (Zimmerman).In regards to the medical aspect, the anxiety reveals itself in the way that the narrator is attempting to turn over his side of the story. He has admitted to his extremely flyaway behavior, yet later in the dissever states, Hearken And observe how healthily- how calmly, I can tell you the whole story (Poe 40). The audience should also notice within the first paragraph where the legal definition of insanity could also be applied. It is here where his words begin to contradict themselves.It is here where he starts to try out a mad man, by accusat ory the audience of coming to the conclusion that he is mad. He then goes on to ask that if he were mad, he would be out of control, Profoundly illogical, and not even grapple the implications of his actions (Benumb). As the narrator divulges information astir(predicate) murder, the symptoms of violence, anger, and delusion also appear, further state to back up the claim that the narrator is a paranoid schizophrenic. It was open-wide, wide open- and I grew furious as I gazed upon it latissimus dorsi was the whipstitching of the old mans heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the spend into courage (Poe 42). Here the narrator has shown the symptom of anger. The old man has done zipper to the narrator to upset him. The narrator claims it is the beating of the old mans heart and his dull distressing eye that causes him to grow furious and it is what eventually causes him to become violent towards the old man and end his life.The symptom of delusion appears throughout the whole story from the beginning. We have the narrator being delusional in intellection that he knows what the audience is thinking about him. He is delusional when he states , For it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye (Poe 41). When you combine the delusion, anger, anxiety, and violence, it is very easy to see how one can come to the conclusion that the narrator is in fact not of sound mind.

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class economic status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, political consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources.Unemployment rate is a financial index for virtually any nation.First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; wired and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent o f the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions self generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working social class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Class inequalities do not seem to be extending.

For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing wide disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social wide spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).It, however, may expand further.The wealthy or left upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest different levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there old has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by new single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).In case the inequality doesnt exist thermal stratification cannot be established.

According to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canadas elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste central system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity how serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p.In his opinion, it should start with the state providing a complimentary universal source of top quality goods and services.They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for front entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break throug h, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take many jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between heavy industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources.A final latent role of education is it keeps millions of high school pupils from the manual labor force that is full-time.

In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access.Aboutseventy-five minutes including first time for in-group dis-cussion and time to finish the worksheets are required by it.Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for irish immigrant classes that is unlike anythin g else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and chinese immigration status† (p. 338).Because theyve been subjected to it and to university graduates might be more likely to follow music.

According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and financial institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement logical and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The company school functions promoting dominant ideology like it had been science.Th erefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social different classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin logical and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized logical and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).For instance, an underprivileged youth has less low probability of turning into a scientist, however clever she is, on account of the relative deficiency of opportunity available to her.

The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study how that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are former Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The other Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005).Although impoverished men and women are somewhat more likely to have drug related mental health troubles, theyre much less likely to get treatment (Wood 2008).What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled international reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are d eprived of the education and more basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their public education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005).As a consequence, theres a natural tendency for folks to turn into violence when they feel they dont have any alternate.

This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the non Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005).In the circumstances it might naive to think about.Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is consider also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nationsâ⠂¬â„¢ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall young Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005).Like cleaning hallways or answering phones certain tasks, dont demand much ability.

Although the Aboriginal groups that stand still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, how there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the good overall population (Driedger, 2001).Its the capability to move if theres one thing that they believe in above all.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determi nes esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as angeles long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social lower classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N.Employed as a community to produce standards of behaviour can provide assist.

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